Recommendations by Sector
HOTELS AND MOTELS
Energy Use
Energy use in hotels and motels is strongly affected by occupancy. Guests
affect heating and cooling loads in their rooms, consume hot water, and increase
energy use in dining facilities. Hotels and motels tend to have quite high hot
water heating loads - about 33% of the total - because of showers, laundries, and
food service. HVAC loads constitute another 30%, lighting 20%, and plug loads
17%.
Measures that are frequently found to be cost-effective include the
following:
Hot Water
- Inspect for water leaks and repair them. Ignoring such simple maintenance
measures is costly since leaks tend to get worse with time and more expensive
to fix.
- Install high-quality, low-flow shower heads. Models whose spray patterns
may be adjusted by users are best for they communicate to guests that
management cares about both comfort and energy and water conservation.
Paybacks on the order of weeks are not uncommon.
- Lower hot water system temperature to 120-130 degrees.
- Insulate hot water lines wherever accessible.
- Specify high-efficiency, gas-fired water heating equipment. Small,
mid-efficiency, atmospherically-vented water heating systems with energy
factors of 0.62 to 0.70 are more cost-effective than standard, less-efficient
equipment. Direct vent, sealed-combustion, condensing boilers have even better
energy factors - up to 0.86. Commercial boilers that meet ENERGY STAR standards
are listed at
www.energystar.gov/ia/products/prod_lists/boilers_prod_list.pdf.
- Consider installing multiple boilers. These provide redundancy and can be
staged in a way that more efficiently meets loads, compared with a single
large machine.
- Use heat recovery from waste water to preheat hot water.
HVAC
- Install occupancy controls for lighting and HVAC in guest rooms.
- Consider heat-pump water heaters for indoor swimming pools to
simultaneously heat water and provide dehumidification.
- Institute demand ventilation controlled by air quality sensors in public
spaces from lobbies and dining rooms to parking garages.
- Downsize to a new high-efficiency chiller in conjunction with lighting
retrofits.
- Choose high-efficiency packaged A/C units listed by the Consortium for
Energy Efficiency in their Tier 2 guidelines (www.cee1.org/com/hecac/ac_tiers/impcttbl.htm).
- Use condensing boilers with large turn-down ratios whose efficiencies
improve with turn-down.
- Switch over to direct digital controls.
- Install premium-efficiency motors.
- Verify economizer function and control.
- Consider using cool air from the cooling tower with water-cooled chillers.
- Consider indirect-direct evaporative cooling.
- Upgrade the energy management system; optimize settings to reflect usage,
respond to changing weather patterns, and control peak electric loads.
Lighting
- Install compact fluorescent bulbs in place of incandescents in guest
rooms, halls, and elevators.
- Install energy-efficient lighting in all other spaces.
- Install and calibrate automatic lighting controls in conjunction with
skylights and clerestories in open areas in order to dim lights in response to
daylight.
- Install LED exit signs.
- Upgrade parking lot lighting to save energy and reduce environmental
impacts due to light spillage.
- Upgrade garage parking lighting.
Building Envelope
- Shade windows and doors from direct sunlight to decrease cooling loads.
- Install high-efficiency glazing carefully chosen for sun exposure and
other variables on each facade.
- Install insulation in strategic locations.
- Undertake air sealing, including duct work.
- Install an ENERGY STAR rated cool roof.
Plug Loads
- Choose energy-efficient ENERGY STAR appliances throughout the facility.
Mini refrigerators placed in guest rooms are notoriously energy wasteful, but
ENERGY STAR models are now available.
- Choose energy-efficient office equipment.
- Install Vending Misers on vending machines.
- Install ENERGY STAR commercial refrigerators and water coolers.
Combined Heat and Power (CHP) System
- Install a combined heat and power system to supply electricity, heating
needs, and (through an absorption chiller) cooling needs. When properly
sized and designed, such a system can save substantial money and avoid the
large thermal losses associated with conventional power generation at
utility plants.
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